在Redhat9.0系统中安装与设置Mysql5.2.0数据库

1.获得数据库安装文件,这里使用的是5.2.0版，安装文件名为
    mysql-5.2.0-falcon-alpha-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

2.将下载的压缩包解压到你用来放置应用程序的文件夹下(要注意文件夹名称不要包含 空格 或 & 号)。
    我这里解压的目录为/home/user/mysql-5.2.0

3.安装步骤就是下面附上的

***********************************************************************
The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a MySQL
binary distribution are:

     shell> cd /usr/local
     shell> ln -s 安装的目录 mysql
     shell> cd mysql
     shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=user //指定用户为user用户
    
Note：If you would like to use `mysqlaccess' and have the MySQL
     distribution in some non-standard location, you must change the
     location where `mysqlaccess' expects to find the `mysql' client.
     Edit the `bin/mysqlaccess' script at approximately line 18. Search
     for a line that looks like this:

          $MYSQL     = '/usr/local/bin/mysql';    # path to mysql executable

     Change the path to reflect the location where `mysql' actually is
     stored on your system. If you do not do this, a `Broken pipe' error
     will occur when you run `mysqlaccess'.
************************************************************************

4.将配置文件放到/etc目录
#cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

5.设置客户端和服务器的编码方式

修改客户端编码方式为UTF8
sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
添加
********************************
* [client]                     *
* default-character-set=utf8   *
********************************

修改数据库编码方式为UTF8
sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
添加
********************************
* [mysqld]                     *
* default-character-set=utf8   *
********************************

************************************************************************
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# You can copy this file to
# /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options (in this
# installation this directory is /usr/local/mysql/data) or
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
 
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password             = your_password
port                  = 3306
socket                = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8
 
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
 
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
default-character-set = utf8
 
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
 
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
 
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id       = 1
 
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
#    the syntax is:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
#    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
#    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
#    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
#    Example:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
#    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
#    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
#    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
#    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
#    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
#    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
#    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
#    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
#    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id       = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host     =   <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user     =   <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =   <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port     =  <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
 
# Point the following paths to different dedicated disks
#tmpdir         = /tmp/
#log-update     = /path-to-dedicated-directory/hostname
 
# Uncomment the following if you are using BDB tables
#bdb_cache_size = 4M
#bdb_max_lock = 10000
 
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
#innodb_log_arch_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
 
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
 
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
 
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
 
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
 
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
********************************************************************

6.设置PATH变量，将/usr/local/mysql/bin加入到PATH中

7.启动服务器，修改root密码
启动服务器
mysqld_safe --user=user &
修改root密码
./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'

8.登入数据库，查看数据库状态
登入数据库
mysql -u root -p

查看状态
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.13 Distrib 5.2.0-falcon-alpha, for pc-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.0
 
Connection id:          1
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.2.0-falcon-alpha-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 22 sec
 
Threads: 1  Questions: 4  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 14  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 7  Queries per second avg: %
--------------
其中 characterset 全为utf8 ，OK 安装完毕

注意：
    如果通过终端登入数据库，显示为乱码---(解决方案)---设置终端的编码方式为UTF8
    设置方式：
        [终端(T)]-->[字符编码(C)]-->[Unicode (UTF-8)]
 
本文出自 51CTO.COM技术博客